Impact Of Social Networking Websites Essay

Unique Interpersonal interaction is present marvel which has built up an incredible significance now a days. It has some great just as some terrible viewpoints. Our investigation targets distinguishing the effect of Social Networking Websites on Post Graduate Management Students of Ghaziabad city. Presentation Person to person communication wonder has developed in the course of recent years. In that time, long range informal communication destinations (SNS) have developed from a specialty to a mass online movement, in which a great many web clients are locked in, both in their leisure time, and at work as well. Be that as it may, there has been next to no examination on the financial effect of these destinations in the Indian setting. In our exploration we concentrated on the effect of these person to person communication destinations on the Post Graduate Management understudies of Ghaziabad city in both constructive just as antagonistic viewpoints. Person to person communication is a wonder which has existed since society started. Individuals have consistently looked to live in social situations. The formation of long range informal communication locales (SNS) and their invasion in regular practices is influencing how Indian youth deal with their interpersonal organizations. To a huge deg ree, SNS have moved person to person communication to the Internet. In under five years, these destinations have developed from a specialty online movement into a wonder through which many millions ofâ internet clients. Foundation of the examination In today’s period understudies are investing there such a great amount of energy in long range interpersonal communication destinations. Here and there youth get go amiss from that point institute objective and get dependent of these long range informal communication destinations. It is leaving negative effect upon the young people. Reason for study By this examination we may distinguish both positive just as negative parts of long range informal communication locales on understudies of Post Graduate Management understudies. OBJECTIVE We will center in our exploration to examine the components which will assist us with knowing the impacts of person to person communication destinations on undergrads and we additionally need to know the accompanying: 1) To discover the motivation behind utilizing Social Networking Websites by Post Graduate Management Students. 2) To examine the utilizing conduct of Social Networking Sites by those understudies. 3) Which Social Networking Site is increasingly ideal by those understudies. 4) To know whether Social Networking Websites influences on the investigations of Post Graduate Management understudies. Research Methodology I. Research Design and Plan Engaging Research II. Inspecting and Sample Size Test: Post Graduate Management Students Test Size: 150 III. Information assortment instruments/sources and methodology Essential Data: Direct Questionnaires to PG Management Students IV. Information investigation strategies SPSS Poll Name: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 1) Age: a) Below 22 b) 22 to 25 c) 26 to 30 d) 31 to 35 e) 35 to 40 2) Gender: a) Male b) Female 3) what number Social Networking Account(s) do you have? a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4 e) More than 4 4) Which Social Networking Account do you have? a) Facebook b) Twitter c) WhatsApp d) Orkut e) Other(if Any):- †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 5) Which Social-Networking Site you regularly use? a) Facebook b) Twitter c) WhatsApp d) Orkut e) Other(if Any):- †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 6) How long have you been utilizing interpersonal interaction locales? a) Less than a month b) 1-6 months c) a half year to a year d) 1-2 years e) 2-3 years f) More than 3 years 7) How regularly do you for the most part sign on to your Social-Networking Website? a) Daily b) 1-2 days spans c) 3-4 days spans d) Weekly 8) Please express your normal long stretches of Social Networking Websites use every day? a) 5 minutes to 1 Hours b) 1 to 2 Hours c) 2 to 3 Hours d) 3 to 4 Hours e) More than 4 Hours 9) What is your motivation for utilizing Social Networking Website? a) To upgrade your insight b) For taking a break c) Only for visiting d) Others (Please Specify) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 10) Do you think utilizing Social Networking Websites impacts on your examinations? a) Yes b) No c) May be 11) Please determine those impacts which you feel that effect on your examinations? a) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ b) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ c) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ d) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 12) Do you think Advertisement on Social Networking Websites helpful for you? a) Yes b) No c) Don’t Know

Accounting information system Essay Example for Free

Bookkeeping data framework Essay A substance relationship (ER) outline is a documentation strategy used to speak to the connection between elements. Substances are physical assets (vehicles, money, or in-ventory), occasions (requesting stock, accepting money, transporting merchandise), and specialists (salesman, client, or seller) about which the association wishes to catch information. One normal use for ER graphs is to display an organization’s database, which we inspect in detail in Chapter 9. Figure 2-14 shows the image set utilized in an ER chart. The square image speaks to substances in the framework. The marked associating line speaks to the idea of the connection between two substances. The level of the relationship, called cardinality, is the numerical mapping between substance occurrences. A relationship can be balanced (1:1), one-to-many (1:M), or many-to-many (M:M). 2 If we consider elements in the ER outline as documents of records, cardinality is the most extreme number of records in a single document that are identified with a solitary record in the other document and the other way around. Cardinality reflects ordinary business controls just as hierarchical arrangement. For example, the 1:1 cardinality in the main model in Figure 2-14 recommends that every sales rep in the association is doled out one car. See more: Unemployment issues and arrangements paper On the off chance that rather the organization’s strategy were to dole out a solitary car to at least one salespersons who share it, this approach would be reflected by a 1:M relationship. Likewise, the M:M connection among merchant and stock in Figure 2-14 infers that the association purchases a similar sort of items from at least one sellers. An organization arrangement to purchase specific things from a solitary seller would be reflected by a 1:M cardinality. Framework creators distinguish elements and set up a model of them, like the one introduced in Figure 2-15. This information model is the outline for what at last willa

Academic Integrity Essay Sample

Academic Integrity Essay Sample Academic integrity is a very important thing that bothers a lot of the students, their teachers, and professors. First of all, when people talk about academic integrity they mean honest studying. In other words, when students do not cheat when passing their assignment and exams, it can be called academic integrity. However, nowadays this expression means not only this. This is the reason, why every pupil, student, parent, and teacher should know about this concept. Academic integrity can learn how to succeed in the study and in another sphere of life. School, college, and university students should know what academic integrity is, and follow the ideas provided by the concept. Every studying year, students should begin with the understanding what this year or semester should be. In other words, they need to understand what they want to gain and to set real goal. It can be, for example, an A for some subject, or participation in some activity, or victory in some competition. In the first place, academic integrity is a desire to work on yourself and on something important for you, and do your best. Different schools and colleges have their own goals. For this reason, all of the students can have quite a bad impression of what academic integrity should be. In one school, the most important thing is grades when the other school appreciates sports competitions. It is just necessary to understand that not grades, not competitions, and not victories are important, but only learning and knowledge. This is the reason, why cheating is something that cannot be included in the concept of academic integrity. It happens that students have problems with some subjects and courses. When this happens, they have a great desire to find someone or something to help him to pass some of their assignments or exams well. Unfortunately, they not always choose the honest methods to do this. Very often, young people prefer to use plagiarized works or cheat on exams, than to ask for help. It is much better to get a C and have some knowledge and understanding of the subject than to get an A and know next to nothing about it. What will be more beneficial in the future high grades or knowledge? What will help to build a good career, high grades or knowledge? Only knowledge and ability to use it right is important in the modern world. Apart from all this, academic integrity is a never give up attitude. Life can be very unfair, even if you are always honest and do your best to get the best education. It doesn’t mean that the successful future can be achieved without efforts. For this reason, it is very important to stay strong. Only such life attitude can help to survive. In this cases, academic integrity is important not only for the students but for all people too. Every time when you fall, it is necessary to stand up and do your best again and again until it will be possible to become successful. Yet, even after this, it is still important to remember about this rule. Academic integrity is also a willingness to help. If you see that some students have problems with some assignments, it is very good to help them. It is vital to help other people because it gives a chance to learn some very important lessons in the life that will be quite useful in the future. Apart from this, it can be quite beneficial to have a reliable people on your side. Academic integrity is a concept that should be well-known to every student. It helps to take the most advantage of the education and it learns how to live right in this world in order to be successful.

Is Homework Helpful or Harmful to Students Essay - 2004 Words

Homework has been around for a very long time. It is set and traced as a tradition of having teachers assigning work and students completing it. Parents say that teachers require it; teachers say that parents demand more of it. Teachers assign homework to help some students improve their grade and pass the course for those of who do not do well on tests or standardized examinations. Schools require a certain amount of hours of homework to be assigned to each student. When students bring back work to be done at home, many controversies arise. Many families have enough work to do without adding a full night of homework on top of it. Stress, arguments and time frustrations can encase the family with problems. Can homework be considered†¦show more content†¦Researchers summarized the finding of a large number of studies demonstrating that when children were allowed to learn in school under conditions that matched their learning style preferences, their academic achievements an d their attitudes toward school improved. Home environments; student characteristics, subject matter, and grade level all influence the effect of homework on student achievement. Although the variety among every childs preferred learning style is evident, there is disagreement as to whether efforts should be made to change or expand students learning preferences to conform to classroom instructions or to adapt to the students particular strengths. Sandra Hofferth at the Institute of Social Research in the University of Michigan conducted a survey of 3,600 children in 1981 and again in 1997. The study surveyed the amount of time in minutes spent studying homework, playing organized sports, and watching TV. The ages of the children ranged from 3 years old to 11 years old. A total of each category, in 1981 and then in 1997, students were found studying 225 minutes to 376Show MoreRelatedHomework Helpful Or Harmful?897 Words   |  4 Pages Is homework helpful or harmful? The homework controversy has been going on for a quiet a long time with no end in sight. Homework is defined as an out of class task assigned to the students to help with practice or prepare for the future. Homework has been around a long period of time. It has set and traced as a tradition of having teachers assigning work and students completing it. Parents say that teachers require it and teachers say’s that parents demand to help their kids to finish it. TeachersRead MoreIs Homework Harmful Or Helpful?878 Words   |  4 PagesOdera Is Homework harmful or helpful?. Homework is defined as an out of class task assigned to students to help them practice and prepare for their future. Homework has been around for a very long time. 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The amount of homework a teacher can give to a student should be restricted, andRead MoreThe Effects Of Homework On Students Lives Outside Of School1223 Words   |  5 Pagesconsuming, students state that homework is the most out of all the unpaid activities they do throughout the day, as 60% complete 2 hours and 20 minutes on average each day (CBC news, 2007). The amount of homework students receive on average daily has greatly increased in the past 15 years, which concerns parents. Homework interferes with students’ lives outside of school, a student’s overall health, and consumes countl ess hours, which is why it should be limited to a reasonable amount. Students spendRead MoreThe Effects Of Homework On Students Lives Outside Of School1223 Words   |  5 Pagesconsuming, students state that homework is the most out of all the unpaid activities they do throughout the day, as 60% complete 2 hours and 20 minutes on average each day (CBC news, 2007). 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They check their devices twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week. Many people have lots of time to waste on technology. Technology provides more ways and wider resources for students’ learning. Technology allows teachers to use more flexible and various ways to spread knowledge. Technology will increase students’ interest and make them concentrate more in their class because it allows teachers to use not only words, but also pictures and sound to present their courses. Therefore, technologyRead MoreAmerica s Preparing Students For The Future1132 Words   |  5 Pagespreparing students for the future? America hasn’t changed the way students are taught in high school practically since it was developed around a century ago. In consequence, America’s high schools are lowering the full potential of the education students are receiving. Students that are coming out of high school now days, don’t feel like they learned anything that has prepared them for their adult life. 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The negative effect that technology has upon students is reflected in their school work and education, also causing students to get addicted and finding the constant need to be texting. In classrooms, students could go on other websites, such as playing games, which

Polycentric, Ethnocentric, and Geocentric Approach to...

1. (Chapter 2) What is the difference between a polycentric, ethnocentric, and geocentric approach to international management? What key factors should a firm consider before adopting one of these approaches? Polycentric approach to international management is the policy involved hiring and promoting employees who are citizens of the country that host and operates the company. The polycentric approach is best used in order to maintain low hiring costs. Communication is easier and companies run smoother due to the fact the employees are all related in their geographic location. Ethnocentric approach is a staffing policy that is used in companies that has primarily international strategic orientation. While polycentric maintains†¦show more content†¦6. (Chapter 4) What is meant by the idea of economic freedom? What factors are used in the Economic Freedom Index? For managers, what role does the Economic Freedom Index play in analyzing the potential of a country? Economic freedom is the key to greater opportunity and an improved quality of life. It’s the freedom to choose how to produce, sell and use your own resources without restriction. Economic freedom is what make’s this world function and is it’s backbone to maintain a sense of strength and diversity. The Economic Freedom Index is a series of 10 economic measurements created by â€Å"The Heritage Foundation.† Its goal is to measure the degree of economic freedom. Factors that are used in measuring economic freedom for the index are, property rights, government spending, business freedom, labor freedom, financial freedom, trade freedom; each freedom is scored from 0-100; 100 being the most free. For managers, analyzing and researching a countries economic freedom is imperative in choosing a geographic location for a company/business. A nation with low economic freedom for instance, will entail more of a struggle to produce and function as a self-owned company while a country like Singapore for instance that hold a great amount of freedom, a company can prosper in it’s own way becauseShow MoreRelatedLiterature Review of Recruitment and Selection in International Human Resource Management1779 Words   |  8 PagesRecruitment and Selection in International Human Resource Management Introduction Staffing is one of the main functions on Human Resource Management, refer to International Human Resource Management perspective, staffing will be more important on the managing by the headquartered company to their subsidiaries in order to gain more competitive advantage for them. 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Kyoto protocol 1997 Free Essays

string(32) " for them than they can handle\." The United Nations framework convention on climate change, devised the international agreement termed as Kyoto Protocol, in order to work towards preserving the environment. The protocol was aimed at diminuating the intensity of six major greenhouse gases namely carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, sulfur hexafluoride, hydro fluorocarbons, and perfluorocarbons. What is this International Agreement? Global warming intimidates the very existence of all life forms on earth. We will write a custom essay sample on Kyoto protocol 1997 or any similar topic only for you Order Now The emanations of the aforementioned six gases contribute considerable to the thinning of the ozone layer, the consequences of which can be summed up in the rising of the sea levels, melting of snow caps, floods and droughts. By 1990 the ratio of these emissions had risen by a considerable amount, as substantiated in the report published by the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change). The report called for urgent actions to curb the threat of climatic alteration. Thus, at the United Nations Conference of Environment and Development, the birth of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change took place. The decisive objective of the meeting was: â€Å"Stabilizing greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system. † (UNFCCC, Article 2, 2008). Furthermore, the agreement also encouraged achieving the change in a limited time span, so as to avoid an economic standstill by allowing the eco-system to align with the change in the atmosphere. The concurrence focused primarily on the industrialized nations, termed under Annex 1 as the major producers of the greenhouse gas emanations and thus the prime participators of the protocol. It is mentioned in the protocol that the achievement of the reduction in emissions is to be performed principally through nationwide procedures. However, in order to counter the criticisms with regards to the economic melt down that might result through the adherence to this protocol, the agreement also mentions three souk based methods: (a)Emissions trading; (b)Clean development mechanism; (c)Joint implementation. The protocol also asserts that the countries establish a monitoring body responsible to formulating reports regarding the greenhouse gas emanations and the trade carried out. This is achieved through: (a) Registry system; (b) Compliance system; (c) Reporting system. Another objective of the protocol is to help countries adapt to the changing climatic conditions and its adverse effects. Therefore, an Adaption Fund was also formulated under this protocol to sponsor adaption schemes and programmes to the developing countries that are signatories to the protocol. The protocol encourages countries to align their policies to the targets of the Kyoto Protocol, in order to curb the looming threat. The IPCC has forecasted an overall augment in global temperature to 5. Degree Celsius (UNEP, 2001). Therefore, developing countries are required under this protocol to device measures for absorption of the greenhouse gases. The protocol has been approved by 183 parties, including Japan, China, Italy, Spain, Germany, France, the Netherlands and Russia, a country accounting for 17% of the greenhouse gas emanations (Kyoto Protocol: Status of Ratification, 2008) The fulfill ment of the agreement is considered crucial, for the changing climatic conditions are causing more harm than good for the eco-system. Why this Agreement is Important: Keeping in view the drastic change in the climatic condition and its consequences, it was vital for the global community to advance towards such a step intended at diminishing the greenhouse gas emanation. Inter governmental panel on climate change has forecasted an average increase of global temperature from 1. 4 degree Celsius to 5. 8 degree Celsius (UNEP, 2001). While this increase may appear trivial, yet it contributes greatly to the rising of sea levels, melting of snow caps and these drastic changes themselves affect the production of food and leads to droughts and famines as well as floods. Under such circumstances it was vital to put forth an agreement that was legally binding on the countries that were the greatest benefactors of the greenhouse gasses. This global warming is a result of 150 years of rigorous industrial development. Smoldering of fossil fuels has penetrated the ozone layer, which was acting as a filter for the living creatures from the damaging consequences of sunlight. The excessive access given to the ultra violent radiations is harming the eco-system, which is not just confined to the melting of the ice caps in Atlanta but also the extinction of animal and plant species, due to the destruction of their habitat. While the melting of ice caps is causing floods, the extinction of animals is resulting in direly affecting the food cycle; the results of which are not just felt by the wild life but also the human beings. The extinction can also lead to the extinction of human beings, if the situation is not controlled. Therefore, it was vital for the international community to join hands and take steps for the conservation of the atmosphere. In this regards, the Kyoto protocol serves as a plausible tool. Industrial growth will be useless if people can not benefit from it; if people can not live enough to take its benefits. Increase in pollution etc has direly affected the living conditions of people. While the developed nations are enjoying the benefits of a strong economy, the developing countries are undergoing the effects which are resulting in deteriorating the state of those countries. Third world countries already having been victimized by poverty, unemployment, civil disobedience also have to suffer the influence of the changing climatic conditions. Mostly third world countries have agro-based economies. The phenomenon of global warming has become an enemy to their crops, those crops that constitute their largest amount of export. As a result, third world countries have to import more than they can export leaving them under a heavy financial burden. Michael Grubb et al 1999) This shows that the affects of global warming, that took birth due to the extensive industrial growth of 150 years have aided greatly in crippling the already crippled economy of third world countries and in fact has produced more problems for them than they can handle. You read "Kyoto protocol 1997" in category "Papers" Even for the developed countries, the climatic changes have posed big problems. Thus, under such circumstances, it was pivotal for the United Nations to come up with a soluti on to curb these problems. The Kyoto protocol is binding on all its members and such a legally binding agreement that fathomed the harmful affects of global warming marks one of the very important agreements produced. Through this agreement, countries, by law, are supposed to work on towards reducing their greenhouse gas emanations, working for the global good. Important parties of the Agreement: Even though the protocol has a total of 183 parties to date, the most important ones include United Kingdom and European Union. Russia and U. S. A are the largest creators of greenhouse gas emissions. Out of the 2, Russia has ratified the treaty while the U. S. A has not. Back when the protocol had to be approved around 55% of the votes were required (Kyoto Protocol: Article 25), out of which a vote of either U. S. A or Russia was crucial. Russia thus ratified the agreement and helped put it in to effect. The United States had ratified the agreement, yet U. S. A declined, refusing to adhere to the Annex 1 and Annex 2 countries, by putting forth the argument that India and China are also potential greenhouse gas producers. Furthermore, it is stated that the agreement poses a threat to their economy. U. S. A has neither accepted nor rejected the agreement even though it is a signatory. However, on state level a program has been initiated entitled, â€Å"Regional greenhouse gas initiative† (Regional greenhouse gas initiative, 2006). The following states are participants Maine, New York, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Vermont, Connecticut, New Jersey, Delaware, and Maryland, representing around 46 million people. Around 80 cities from 50 states are working towards ratifying the Kyoto Protocol (Mayor’s Climate protection centre, 2008). Attempts at convincing the government are also being carried out at student level, as students have initiated a movement as well termed as Kyoto Now. One of the major supporters of the protocol is the European Union. The EU produces around 22% of the worldwide greenhouse gas production and is now committed to reducing the greenhouse gas production (Energy policy of the European Union, 2002). Denmark, for example, is alone working towards decreasing 21% of its greenhouse gas emanations. In fact, the European commissions back in 2007 announced the formation of a European Union Energy Policy which incorporated a 20% cutback in greenhouse gas emissions. By 2020 The EU has also placed fine on countries failing to adhere to the reduction target. The European Union has been an ardent supporter of the Kyoto Protocol and is working towards negotiating with other hard-to-convince nations. (Michael Grubb et al 1999) The United Kingdom is also a strong supporter of the Kyoto Protocol. Its energy policy fully supports descend in carbon dioxide production. While the United Kingdom has reduced a considerable amount of greenhouse gas reduction yet it needs to work on towards cutting back on the increase in the net carbon dioxide emanations. A draft by the name of Climate Change Bill was in print, which advocated the reduction of 60%, with a beginner’s target of 26% to 32%, of the carbon dioxide levels (Department for environment, food and rural affairs, 2007). If this bill is approved, the United Kingdom will emerge as the first country to integrate such a strong target in to the energy policy, rather the law. Result of the Agreement: The Kyoto protocol has earned both positive and negative comments. While its advocates consider the agreement to be a historical step towards curbing the threat of global warming caused due to human activities. Critics argue that the protocol would just result in a 5% decrease in global greenhouse gas production and that this is not a considerable amount of reduction. As quoted by inter governmental panel on climate change, a decrease of 50-60% is required otherwise the world will face a global increase of 3 degree Celsius in its temperature. Thus, critics argue that the targets set by the UNFCCC are inadequate. (Michael Grubb et al 1999) Another argument put forth by the opposition of the agreement is that, not all countries are participating in this agreement. For example, U. S. A one of the worlds largest creator of greenhouse gas emanation, has not ratified the treaty. Furthermore, china is termed under Annex 2 of developing countries even though it is the second biggest producer of these emissions. India is also included in the same list while the production of the greenhouse gases exceeds even those of the industrialized nations. Therefore, critics argue that with such a limited participation from countries, the Kyoto protocol can not be counted up on to achieve the reduction in greenhouse gases to curb the threats of global warming. While the protocol might be considered a first step towards addressing this problem, it does not according to the opposition present a clear cut and effective framework that can be counted up on to curb the problem. Economic constraints have also been addressed by both the proposition and the opposition of the agreement. Critics argue that the protocol would do more harm than good. The argument put forth is that countries would have a negative impact on their economy for different companies would be required to come up with new, climate-friendly technologies and solutions and the cost of these technologies might force some companies to shut down. Another argument brought in to the limelight is that due to the protocol the tax payers and customers would have to pay a higher amount of tax in order to aid the government in working towards the reduction of greenhouse gases for example the assertion of strict rules. Furthermore, it is argued that the nationals of the developed countries might be forced to spend more and might be forced to practice a superior standard of living. However, it must be noticed that the protocol does provide cures for short-term economic problems. The instruments of Emissions trading, Joint implementation, and clean development advocate the cause of the protocol yet also allow countries not to experience a considerable amount of change in their economy abruptly. Countries can take up their time revolutionizing their existing sector while working for the benefit of the global community by reducing emissions alongside. Furthermore, those markets that work with collaboration and work towards producing environment friendly products and services will adjust quickly to the new economic environment and in the long run would be a lot more successful. However, besides all these arguments no one can refute the important step taken back in 1997 in Brazil with regards to the imminent threat of global warming. While the Kyoto protocol may not be right on path to assemble the targets of diminishing greenhouse gas emanation, it is still on track. The fulfillment of this protocol, specifically by the developed countries mentioned in Annex 1 would advocate other such steps to be taken under stricter conditions. Also, nations by proving themselves capable of having reduced their greenhouse gas emissions can work towards conferring with developing countries to lend a helping hand in curbing this global threat. By commencing the journey with achievable and small goals, the global community can work towards achieving larger targets. Even if the countries that have ratified the agreement staunchly follow the route to reducing the greenhouse gases, change can be achieved. Efforts at national level will act as a catalyst for change. Thus, it would be highly unfair to deny the significance of the Kyoto protocol, for it is a bold first step taken towards preserving the environment. What can serve as another plausible technique for reducing those harmful emissions is by switching over to renewable resources and minimizing the usage of fossil fuels. The smoldering of fossil fuels produces harmful pollutants in to the atmosphere. These by products can stay mortal in to the atmosphere and along with affecting the ozone also affect the respiratory organs of the human beings, resulting in causing fatal asthma attacks. From land mining to burning of coal in a coal mine to oil spills, the impact on the atmosphere have proved to be fatal in the past. Thus, in order to combat climate change the first step countries should take is the substitution of fossil fuels with renewable sources of energy. Also, by increasing the green belts in the world, we can work towards saving the environment. Deforestation has a highly negative impact on the environment as well as the climate. The effects of deforestation include soil erosion, temperature extremes, increase in deserts; all contributing greatly to the observable fact of global warming. Therefore it is crucial that deforestation be stopped. Of course ceasing deforestation is not the only solution. Reforestation should be encouraged. This is an act that can be carried out at individual level as well thus governments should try and engrave the importance of a substantial green belt in helping limit the phenomenon of global warming and working towards a safe environment. â€Å"We must no longer think of human progress as a matter of imposing ourselves on the natural environment. The world–the climate and all living things– is a closed system; what we do has consequences that eventually will come back to affect us. † (Woods Hole Research Center, 2008) How to cite Kyoto protocol 1997, Papers

Tim Burton Use of Sound and Lighting free essay sample

What would a movie feel like without different light and sounds? There would be no mood to the story of the movie. Tim Burton uses different sounds/music and lighting to emphasize a different mood. The change of lighting can change the emotions of a movie. Tim Burton changes the lighting to gives you a different mood about the scene. In Edward Scissorhands when Peg went in the castle and saw Edward there was low key lighting. He wanted the audience to feel bad for Edward as he was alone and an outsider. Also in Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, there was high key lighting as the contests entered the factory. The contests were happy and excited to enter in the chocolate factory. Different sounds in a movie can help change the mood of the story. For example, in Charlie and the Chocolate Factory as they showed the Bucket’s house there was sad music to make you feel like what their life was as they were poor and had little to eat. We will write a custom essay sample on Tim Burton Use of Sound and Lighting or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Also, in Edward Scissorhands when it shoes the people in the neighborhood the music is upbeat and happy but when they show Edward the music is dreary or weird to show that he is an outsider. Tim Burton uses sound and lighting to alter the mood in his movies. He can change the lighting and sound to make change for mood about the movie. In Charlie and the Chocolate Factory and Edward Scissorhands he use sound and lighting to make your you feel sad because they were both outsiders or didn’t belong with the normal crowd.

Working with Iraqi and Cuban Refugees as a Career Counselor

Working with Iraqi and Cuban Refugees as a Career Counselor Aim of the Research The purpose of this study is to examine the impacts of the lives of Iraqi and Cuban refugees who have arrived the United States. Specifically, this paper will focus on the statistics of the refugees, their emotional standing, their living styles, problem arising due to language barriers, and the difficulties that they face in finding employment in the US.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Working with Iraqi and Cuban Refugees as a Career Counselor specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Introduction Based on Office of the Office of Refugee Resettlement, 2012 saw nearly 1948 Cuban refugees arriving in the US. Most of these individuals had escaped torture and political persecution in their mother nations. On the other hand, 12,122 Iraqi refugees managed to acquire the refugee status in the US with most of them having experienced additional stressors arising from their journey to the US coupled with the proce dures involved in immigration (U.S. Department of Health, 2012). This increased their emotional disturbances given that they were still reeling from traumatic exposures such as war and persecution. From the studies that have been conducted, it has been identified that discrimination and intolerance are the leading obstacles that these individuals are facing as they try to adjust to the mainstream culture. Therefore, the most widespread mental symptoms for such refugees include overwhelming fears and worries, restlessness, feeling on the edge, and anger management issues (Bemak et al., 2003).  The Iraqi and Cuban refugees face various challenges while in the US. First, they have been forced to adopt a culture that is different as compared to their traditional customs and beliefs. Therefore, they strive to achieve financial success as a means of overcoming this obstacle (Robin, 2003). These refugees also strive to ensure that their children receive the best education they can afford to ensure that they are successful in the long run, a practice that is considered as a norm within the normal American population. This makes them susceptible to depression, nervousness, and post-traumatic stress symptoms (Hardin et al., 2001). Notably, some states do not provide physical or mental health screening for these refugees. Consequently, the government and the non-governmental organizations that deal with refugee affairs do not consider their psychological problems especially in dealing with their employment issues (U.S. Department of Health, 2012). From the studies that have been conducted, the main problem that these refugees are facing is finding work especially under the current economy slowdown although they get help from resettlement centers with the assistance of the International Rescue Committee. However, as compared to the Cuban refugees, most of the Iraqi refugees are highly educated comprising doctors, architects, and translators.Advertising Looking f or essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Most of these individuals had been successful in life while living in Iraq. However, most of these qualifications are not recognized and even the ones that are recognized do face barriers such as deficit of local job experience in addition to lack of knowledge regarding the US work environment. Due to stereotypes arising from September 11 attacks, most employers do not want to give them jobs. To some extent, these individuals find it hard to rent apartments due to discrimination by the owners. It is only in one instance that the State Department offered a grant of $425 for every person in a single family and the refugee aid-groups do not have sufficient resources. Other difficulties they get in trying to seek employment include the inability to speak English and discrimination from employers. This discrimination does not just entail skills but type of jobs since mo st are given the option of seasonal or part-time jobs (Robin, 2003). Others are forced to quit due to their physical or psychological ill health. For instance, it has been reported that most refugees are forced to undertake long sessions of training to work. However, after this extensive training, only a few of them are employed and once employed, they are paid at lower rates as compared to other employees within the organization (Robin, 2003). Literature Review Numerous studies of refugees have focused on the outcome of their mounting traumas on their overall welfare, especially the children and young people. Focusing on the first group, the children, there are those who have lost one or both of their parents. Most of the Iraqi children barely escaped death in their homeland. Therefore, given that they rigorously undertake intensive English lessons as a second language (ESL) course, they continue to face serious communication issues especially in dealing with their severe depressio n or PTSD. Their post-migration phase is filled with numerous stressors such as acculturation, language barriers, prejudices, and thrashing of social status (Hardin et al., 2001). Secondly, the young men have identified language and lack of cultural competence and knowledge to be a key factor of their deteriorating mental health and career problems. Due to such barriers, the counselors need to apply integrative and holistic means in dealing with mental health problems faced by the children and young men, their deprived self-concept, and their advanced self-efficacy concerns.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Working with Iraqi and Cuban Refugees as a Career Counselor specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Acculturation is a factor with members of Iraqi and Cuba populations. This is evident through their own assumptions, prejudices, and preconceived notions against the western culture (Bemak, Chung, Pedersen, 2003).  Furt hermore, their values and personal limitations make them to have a totally different understanding of cultural diversity. Therefore, it is crucial to understand their values and assumptions regarding human behavior. Both Cuban and Iraqi refugees belong to a collectivistic and group-oriented culture, particularly on their psychological orientations and focus of responsibility (Robin, 2003). Therefore, identity development models will help in understanding the target population as they assist in recognizing the most pronounced psychological stress on the refugees’ ability to choose their careers. Therefore, vocational identity theories as proposed by Robin (2003) will help in their career counseling since they entail developing assimilationist, limited assimilationist, and bicultural model applications.  The career counselors of these refugees should not desist from applying confrontational approach, since the care-frontational methods entail the counselor delicately explaini ng the cost of retaining their conventional attitudes and behaviors, a factor that is detrimental to their careers and work experiences. For instance, an employee can be encouraged to improve on his/her time management skills because his/her performance plays a critical role in determining his productivity as well as the performance of other employees within the organization. From a critical analysis therefore, it is evident that this model is associated with people who are coping with new cultures. Due to hostilities from the hosts, a career counselor needs to deal with the social isolation which impacts on their work performance but with the help of a culturally capable therapist (Bemak, Chung, Pedersen, 2003). Secondly, the career counselor should assist them in shaping their awareness and decision making by forming a parallel identity similar to American identity but maintaining their traditional identity outside work. The career counselors need to provide help in defining thei r identities particularly those relating to their work life. The first application of cultural formulations should be cultural identity. This comprises of a contemplation of the extent to which the refugees categorize with their own ethnic culture and the principal culture. Therefore as a career counselor, it is important to identify acculturation as entails helping them to change attitudes, beliefs, and norms (Bemak, Chung, Pedersen, 2003). References Bemak, F., Chung, R., Pedersen, P. B. (2003). Counseling refugees: A psychosocial approach to innovative multicultural interventions. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Hardin, E. E., Leong, F. T., Osipow, S. H. (2001). Cultural relativity in the conceptualization. Journal of Vocational Behavior , 58, 36-52. Robin, L. (2003). Building bridges to the American workforce: employment counseling with immigrants and refugees. Washington DC: U.S. Department of Education. U.S. Department of Health. (2012). Fiscal Year 2012 Refugee Arrivals. Web.

The Post-War Economic Boom After WWII

The Post-War Economic Boom After WWII Many Americans feared that the end of World War II and the subsequent drop in military spending might bring back the hard times of the Great Depression. But instead, pent-up consumer demand fueled exceptionally strong economic growth in the post-war period. The automobile industry successfully converted back to producing cars, and new industries such as aviation and electronics grew by leaps and bounds. A housing boom, stimulated in part by easily affordable mortgages for returning members of the military, added to the expansion. The nations gross national product rose from about $200,000 million in 1940 to $300,000 million in 1950 and to more than $500,000 million in 1960. At the same time, the jump in post-war births, known as the baby boom, increased the number of consumers. More and more Americans joined the middle class. The Military Industrial Complex The need to produce war supplies had given rise to a huge military-industrial complex (a term coined by Dwight D. Eisenhower, who served as the U.S. president from 1953 through 1961). It did not disappear with the wars end. As the Iron Curtain descended across Europe and the United States found itself embroiled in a ​Cold War with the Soviet Union, the government maintained substantial fighting capacity and invested in sophisticated weapons such as the hydrogen bomb. Economic aid flowed to war-ravaged European countries under the Marshall Plan, which also helped maintain markets for numerous U.S. goods. And the government itself recognized its central role in economic affairs. The Employment Act of 1946 stated as government policy to promote maximum employment, production, and purchasing power. The United States also recognized during the post-war period the need to restructure international monetary arrangements, spearheading the creation of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank - institutions designed to ensure an open, capitalist international economy. Business, meanwhile, entered a period marked by consolidation. Firms merged to create huge, diversified conglomerates. International Telephone and Telegraph, for instance, bought Sheraton Hotels, Continental Banking, Hartford Fire Insurance, Avis Rent-a-Car, and other companies. Changes in the American Workforce The American workforce also changed significantly. During the 1950s, the number of workers providing services grew until it equaled and then surpassed the number who produced goods. And by 1956, a majority of U.S. workers held white-collar rather than blue-collar jobs. At the same time, labor unions won long-term employment contracts and other benefits for their members. Farmers, on the other hand, faced tough times. Gains in productivity led to agricultural overproduction, as farming became a big business. Small family farms found it increasingly difficult to compete, and more and more farmers left the land. As a result, the number of people employed in the farm sector, which in 1947 stood at 7.9 million, began a continuing decline; by 1998, U.S. farms employed only 3.4 million people. Other Americans moved, too. Growing demand for single-family homes and the widespread ownership of cars led many Americans to migrate from central cities to suburbs. Coupled with technological innovations such as the invention of air conditioning, the migration spurred the development of Sun Belt cities such as Houston, Atlanta, Miami, and Phoenix in the southern and southwestern states. As new, federally-sponsored highways created better access to the suburbs, business patterns began to change as well. Shopping centers multiplied, rising from eight at the end of World War II to 3,840 in 1960. Many industries soon followed, leaving cities for less crowded sites. Source This article is adapted from the book Outline of the U.S. Economy by Conte and Carr and has been adapted with permission from the U.S. Department of State.

Governmental Reinvention and Privatization Essay

Governmental Reinvention and Privatization - Essay Example It begins with a description of the publications that most often have been associated with the reinvention movement. The primary purpose of the paper, however, is to review reinvention's assumptions, themes, and purposes. It concludes by presenting critical views of REGO's approach and some assumptions toward human resource reforming. For decades the civil service, also known as the merit system, has been accused of being too narrowly focused on protecting government employees from political or personal favoritism. It also has been criticized for not adequately supporting managerial objectives and organizational missions. These kinds of complaints constitute the motivating force behind reinventing government (REGO), which one notable scholar called the most energetic and robust reform movement in the past half-century (Light, 1994, 63). Human resources constitute the most influential of all factors that bear on the quality of an organization's products and services. If employees are not well trained, focused, and committed, then high quality organizational performance is not likely to materialize. This is the basic reasoning that underpins organizational concern for how human resources are managed. It is a logic that applies to both the private and public sectors. REGO claims that the traditional public sector em ployment principles of fitness and merit can coexist with increased managerial discretion and greater employee independence. It also contends that flexibility and innovation can be combined with a system that demands high levels of accountability and equity. (Thompson and Riccucci, 1998) The reinvention critique extends to most areas of government, in addition to targeting many of its recommendations at the civil service. Reinventing Government Reports Management reform is not new to the federal government. At least one major reform initiative has been undertaken every decade of the twentieth century. As Shafritz et al. (2001) report, they "all began with an assumption that government . . . was broken, fragmented, badly organized, and incapable of performing at a level acceptable to the public" (p. 61). The 1980s and 1990s were times during which an extraordinary amount of government reform activity took place (Peters, 1996, p. vii). One scholar of public sector change says the period reflected the greatest pressure ever placed on the U.S. government to innovate (Light 1994, p. 63). The reform movement is not just a United States phenomenon. The National Academy of Public Administration claims that "government performance and accountability is an issue throughout the world" (1995, p. 61). In announcing the creation of the National Performance Review, President Clinton stated that one of its principal goals was "to change the culture of our national bureaucracy away from complacency and entitlement toward initiative and empowerment" (National Performance Review, 1993, p. 1). This may be as succinct a summary of reinvention as

Participating in the Notre Dame executive MBA program Personal Statement

Participating in the Notre Dame executive MBA program - Personal Statement Example Her parents, even though they had no formal education themselves, understood its value, and worked long hours on the family farm so that they could raise enough money to pay her tuition. My Mum went on to be the first woman from her town to graduate from college, and later on also did her MBA from the University of The Hague in Holland. My Mum's example - her rise from a farm girl to a corporate woman - has constantly inspired me to strive for success both educationally and professionally.I have an undergraduate Degree in Engineering, which has provided me with excellent analytical skills and has enhanced my problem solving abilities. However, I have not had the opportunity so far, to study in depth, courses exploring business strategy and finance. In order to advance my career to its fullest potential I need to excel in these courses as well, apart from other areas of business.An MBA degree from Notre Dame University will equip me with the necessary knowledge and skills to develop m y capabilities. In business, decision-making must be done after careful thought, and not haphazardly. An MBA from Notre Dame will not only enable me to make balanced business decisions, but it will also give me access to information gathered by national and international experts on decisions made, that have yielded both positive and negative results. I also want to learn more about business strategy and put this knowledge into practice across a wide variety of situations. To be able to do this, I would like to take up a position in the Consulting and International Business Unit of my sponsoring company. Most of the employees working in this Department are MBA graduates. I would like to pursue an MBA both to make myself a competitive candidate for a position in this business unit, as well as to further develop my business acumen. As an Engineer for the last seven years, I have worked with international, cross-functional teams in high paced environments, with demanding deadlines, where my responsibilities have varied from taking care of highly technical projects to sales and business development functions. The versatility, analytical skills, teamwork and a wide knowledge of industry, which I have exhibited in my career, are some of the qualities I will bring to bear on my MBA program. Notre Dame's MBA program will allow me to develop my skills to fulfill my career objectives. It will also enable me to take advantage of resources that Notre Dame University offers, while simultaneously continuing my career in Chicago. A Notre Dame MBA will equip me with modern management tools, concepts and practical models that are not only appropriate for meeting current management challenges, but also adaptable to new and emerging situations. I will get to exercise teamwork, and analytical and leadership skills while discussing real-world business challenges. My decision-making and communication abilities will also be enhanced as I work with a diverse group of individuals to define goals, identify problems, and determine solutions to these challenges. The benefits of practical experience in my undergraduate education were immense, and I look forward to the exceptional learning opportunities at Notre Dame, for a continuation of the same. Apart from this, I am also attracted by the program's class size, which encourages a close-knit community where the students' strengths can easily be

An Immense Career Essays -- English Literature

An Immense Career Career Willa Cather, American novelist and short-story writer, was born Willela Sibert Cather on 7 December 1873, in Back Creek Valley, Virginia, near Winchester. At nine years of age, in 1883, her family moved to Red Cloud, Nebraska. Many of her novels were set in Red Cloud. She attended the University of Nebraska, Lincoln, and graduated in 1895. She spent a few years after college working on a newspaper, and then worked an editorial job at the magazine Home Monthly in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. She then wrote reviews for the Pittsburgh Leader. In 1903, she published a book of poetry, April Twilights, and she moved to New York City in 1904. She met Edith Lewis the same year, whom she later shares an apartment with in 1908, and they live together until her death (The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia). Next, she taught high school in Pittsburgh in 1895, then moved to NY City to work on the editorial staff of McClure's magazine in 1906 (Crane: 218, 256). Ultimately, she saved McClure's magazine from financial disaster, after she became managing editor (Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia). In 1908, she befriends Sarah Orne Jewett, an inspiration for Cather's later works (Crane, 198). Cather is most widely recognized for her chronicles of western pioneer America. She won the Pulitzer Prize in 1925 for One of Ours. Cather died 24 April 1947, at 73 years of age, and is buried in New Hampshire (Crane, Editorial). Cather worked careers as a journalist, an editor, and a fiction writer - but her first publication was a poetry collection, April Twilights (1903). The birthplace of her writing career was Pittsburgh, as Cather noted (North Side: Willa Cather). She moved to New York City in 1904, an... ..." Harvard University, June 1987. Cather, Willa. O Pioneers, Willa Cather Scholarly Edition. Rosowski,Susan J. Mignon, Charles W. Danker, Kathleen. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1992. Adams, Frederick B. Foreword in Willa Cather: A Bibliography, The University of Nebraska Press, 1982. "Language and Being in Cather's "The Professor's House: A Look Back and Forth from Thoreau to Nietzsche and Heidegger."" An Essay by Frank H. W. Edler. Metropolitan Community College Omaha, Nebraska. Copyright  © 2000, Frank Edler Lernout & Hauspie Speech Products N.V. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. Columbia University Press, 2000. Reclaiming History. [http://www.uic.edu/depts/quic/history/willa_cather.html], 11 March 2002 North Side: Willa Cather. [http://www.clpgh.org/exhibit/neighborhoods/northside/nor_n111.html], 11 March 2002

Language Paper Essay

Language can be looked at differently from other types of cognitions. There is a need for language in one form or another to have the ability to communicate with other human beings. This communication is the basis to how human beings express themselves to those around them. With this expression comes the ability to formulate thoughts. These thoughts can be translated to others through language. This language play an important role when analyzing, problem-solving, creating reasons, communicating needs, and making plans. Without the existence of language the attempt for humans to achieve goals would be almost impossible to accomplish. Goals would have to be accomplished be figuring out an alternative method than language to be used for sciences, history, mathematics, and the ability to explain past experiences or cultures. Because language is such an important communication tool, this paper will go into the definition of language and lexicon, evaluating the key features of language, with a description of the four levels of the language structure and processing, and analyzing the role of language processing in cognitive psychology. . Define Language Because there is so many different ways of language it can be difficult to provide just one. Cognitive psychology defines language as a system of communication that is governed by a system of rules and can express an infinite number of propositions. In addition, natural language has two criteria. First it must be governed by a set of rules knows as grammar. Second it must be productive – an infinite number of things can be expressed (Galotti, 2015). But there are some factors that are deemed to be critical in the communication of human language. The factors that are deemed critical are: communicative, arbitrary, structured, generative, and dynamic  (Willingham, 2007). These critical items that are necessary for the formation of language starts with communicative. Communicative will allow communication between individuals. Arbitrary which means that a sound will stand for a meaning. Language, which needs to be structured and must follow a logical order to make sense. Generative which means that there are a limitless number of meanings that are associated to the word. Dynamic which means that language is constantly changing, growing, and adapting (Willingham, 2007). Define Lexicon Lexicon is defined as the mental store and is thought to be the keeper of the cognitive processor’s knowledge of words, which also includes the spelling, pronunciation, definition, and parts of speech (Galotti, 2015). Most researchers have a belief that when people recognize words through the process of matching where the spoken word will be compared with a mental dictionary. This mental dictionary is known as the lexicon. The lexicon is the foot bridge between language and knowledge (Willingham, 2007). This communication bridge for lexicons will vary depending on how and where a lexicon is used. However, the grammaticalizations will be different depending on the type of language being used. The words and expressions used in each language will be the lexicon for that individual language. Therefore an individual person’s own set of vocabulary would have their own personal lexicon attached to it that would be their own personal storage unit of their knowledge. Evaluate Key Features of Language Charles Hackett identified 13 features of human language and how the human language is differs from other forms of communication. Four key factors are vocal-auditory channel, specialization, arbitrariness, and traditional transmissions. Vocal-auditory channel is defined as the means that the standard human language occurs vocal (creation of sound by mouth) type of communication that can be perceived by hearing it (Hyde, 1998). Specialization is the use of organs in the production of speech and these organs are able to adapt to the task of speech. Example would be the lips, tongue, a throat of a human that have been specially adapted to the task of speech and not just to assist as an eating apparatus. Whereas, dogs do not  have the physical capabilities for the speech sounds that humans have the capability of because dogs lack the necessary specialized organs (Hyde, 1998). Arbitrariness is where there is no necessary connection between form of the signal and what is being referred to. An example would be a very large object like a whale and yet it is referred to with a very short word. Some would argue that four-legged animals could then be referred to as the sounds they make. However, the sounds animals make do not always translate across culture borders and therefore even onomatopoeic words would be to some extent also arbitrary (Hyde, 1998). Traditional transmissions has the meaning that human language is not something that exist from birth. Even though language does not exist from birth humans are born with some ability to perform language. In order for humans to perform language they will need to learn, acquire, the language that is spoken around them from others who speak the language. Learning language by listening to others is different from the communications in the animal world. In the animal world animals are born knowing their entire systems. Such is the case with bumble bees who are born with the knowledge of dance and song birds that are born with the knowledge of bird-songs. Describe the four levels of language structure and processing The four levels of language structure and processing are phonemes, words, sentences, and text. Phonemes is the shortest segment of speech that if changed would change the meaning of the word (Goldstein, 2014). There are 44 phonemes that make up the basic unit of sound (Galotti, 2015). The basic unit of sounds will vary from different languages. The study of the different ways that phonemes can be combined in any language is called phonology. Once you have put the sounds together the task then becomes to put the sounds in a coherent way, identifying the meaningful units of language and this aspect is known as morphology (Galotti, 2015). These sounds then become words, sentences, and text. Words should be placed in a sentence will have importance to the understanding of the sentence. Text will be a group of sentences that once placed together will be the formation of the paragraph in reference to a certain subject. Analyze the role of language processing in cognitive psychology How humans process information is a key factor in cognitive psychology. Language is what is used as the main source of communication for humans and is influenced by both internal and external factors and since cognitive psychology is the investigation of all mental abilities the processing of language plays an important role. There are two different proposals in regards to the relationship of language to other cognitive processes. The modularity hypothesis proposed that there are some aspects of language, especially syntactic processes, will function autonomously, and independently of any other cognitive process. This recent proposal awaits a more rigorous empirical testing even though there is some evidence does exist. The second proposal is the Whorfian hypothesis of linguistic relativity, even though it is very interesting it has so far not received strong or empirical support (Galotti, 2015). Cognitive psychology is the science of how the mind is organized to produce intelligent thought and how the mind is realized in the brain (Anderson, 2015). With cognitive psychology being the study of how the mind is organized to produce intelligent thought this knowledge is through either written or verbal communication. The written or verbal communication through language enables an individual to communicate thoughts and emotions. It is these thoughts and emotions that cognitive psychology attempts to understand. Conclusion Language is a system of communication that is governed by a set of rules and can express an infinite number of propositions. Natural language has two criteria. First it must be governed by a set of rules knows as grammar. Second it must be productive – where an infinite number of things can be expressed (Galotti, 2015). Language plays an important role in the regards to cognition because it is the main communication tool used by human beings. Language has to have a storage place where pronunciation, definition, and parts of speech are stored. The storage place is called the lexicon. Lexicon is the bridge between language and knowledge. Language is a system of communication that is governed by a system of rules (Galotti, 2015). There are 4 levels of language, structure, and processing. In addition, Charles  Hockett identified 13 key features of the human language. The ability to turn language into communication through words, and then pull information from a person’s experiences, education, environment, and culture is a magnificent feat to accomplish, and it is through language that people are able to express their ideas because of the role cognition plays within language. References Anderson, J. R. (2015). Cognitive Psychology and its implications (8th ed.). New York, New York: Worth Publishers. Galotti, K. M. (2014). Cognitive psychology in and out of the laboratory (5th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Goldstein, E. B. (2014). Sensation and perception (9th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth. Hyde, K. (1998). The features of human language. Retrieved May 14, 2011, from http://people.exeter.ac.uk/bosthaus/Lecture/hockett1.htm Willingham, D. T. (2007). Cognition: The thinking animal (3rd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Allyn & Bacon

The Student Will Watch The Teacher Crumble Up A Blank...

The student will watch the teacher crumble up a blank piece of paper. After, the paper will be unfolded. The students will notice that the paper cannot go back to being as smooth as before. The teacher will apologize to the paper. The students will be informed that even though the paper got an apology, the creases didn’t come out. This is the same when it comes to bullying. The students will be informed that when we read one book and it makes you think about another book; that is making a text to text connection. A text to text connection is a connection that is made between two books or texts that you have read. Text to text connections can be made by comparing characters, personalities, actions, and story events. Text to text connections can be made by the theme or message the author is trying to convey. We can even make text to text connections by comparing different versions of the same story. The students will listen to a read aloud by sharing My Secret Bully by Trudy Lud wig. For English language learners, the students will have a copy of the book in front of them to follow along. During the read aloud, the students will be asked to think about how this book reminds them of our previously read book, Just Kidding by Trudy Ludwig. The students will be informed that when making text to text connections, we can ask ourselves â€Å"What does this remind me of in another book I’ve read? How is this text similar to other things I’ve read? How is this different from other booksShow MoreRelatedThe Ballad of the Sad Cafe46714 Words   |  187 PagesSad Cafà © and Other Stories by Carson McCullers Back Cover: When she was only twenty-three her first novel, The Heart Is A Lonely Hunter, created a literary sensation. She is very special, one of America s superlative writers who conjures up a vision of existence as terrible as it is real, who takes us on shattering voyages into the depths of the spiritual isolation that underlies the human condition. A grotesque human triangle in a primitive Southern town. . . A young boy learning theRead MoreEssay on Fall of Asclepius95354 Words   |  382 Pagesthink of those horror movies or comic books where, for no reason what so ever, zombies appear all around the globe in an instance. Thats not how it happened for us. There were signs for over two months. Its just that no one took the time to put the pieces together. I kind of did. I knew there was something more than what we were told about the riots and outbreaks, but I never even thought of the possibility that zombies were the cause of all our troubles. We were all caught off guard. You know,Read MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesOral and Written Presentations Supplement B Conducting Interviews 619 Supplement C Conducting Meetings 651 Appendix I Glossary 673 Appendix II References 683 Name Index 705 Subject Index 709 Combined Index 713 iii This page intentionally left blank CONTENTS Preface xvii INTRODUCTION 1 3 THE CRITICAL ROLE OF MANAGEMENT SKILLS The Importance of Competent Managers 6 The Skills of Effective Managers 7 Essential Management Skills 8 What Are Management Skills? 9 Improving ManagementRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesOrganizational Behavior This page intentionally left blank Organizational Behavior EDITION 15 Stephen P. Robbins —San Diego State University Timothy A. Judge —University of Notre Dame i3iEi35Bj! Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo Editorial Director: Sally Yagan Director of Editorial Services: